通常需要平行语料库来使用BLEU，流星和Bertscore等指标自动评估翻译质量。尽管基于参考的评估范式被广泛用于许多机器翻译任务中，但由于这些语言遭受了语料库的不足，因此很难将其应用于使用低资源语言的翻译。往返翻译提供了一种令人鼓舞的方法来减轻平行语料库的紧急要求，尽管不幸的是，在统计机器翻译时代，没有观察到与转发翻译相关。在本文中，我们首先观察到，正向翻译质量始终与神经机器翻译范围中相应的往返翻译质量相关。然后，我们仔细分析并揭示了统计机器翻译系统上矛盾结果的原因。其次，我们提出了一种简单而有效的回归方法，以根据各种语言对的往返翻译分数（包括非常低的资源语言之间的往返翻译得分）来预测前向翻译得分的性能。我们进行了广泛的实验，以显示1,000多个语言对的预测模型的有效性和鲁棒性。最后，我们测试了有关挑战性设置的方法，例如预测分数：i）在培训中看不见的语言对，ii）在现实世界中，WMT共享任务但在新领域中。广泛的实验证明了我们方法的鲁棒性和效用。我们相信我们的工作将激发有关非常低资源的多语言机器翻译的工作。

为了减轻从头开始构建知识图（kg）的挑战，更一般的任务是使用开放式语料库中的三元组丰富一个kg，那里获得的三元组包含嘈杂的实体和关系。在保持知识代表的质量的同时，以新收获的三元组丰富一个公园，这是一项挑战。本文建议使用从附加语料库中收集的信息来完善kg的系统。为此，我们将任务制定为两个耦合子任务，即加入事件提取（JEE）和知识图融合（KGF）。然后，我们提出了一个协作知识图融合框架，以允许我们的子任务以交替的方式相互协助。更具体地说，探险家执行了由地面注释和主管提供的现有KG监督的JEE。然后，主管评估了探险家提取的三元组，并用高度排名的人来丰富KG。为了实施此评估，我们进一步提出了一种翻译的关系一致性评分机制，以对齐并将提取的三元组对齐为先前的kg。实验验证了这种合作既可以提高JEE和KGF的表现。

事件提取，旨在自动获取文档结构信息的技术，在许多领域中吸引了越来越多的关注。大多数现有工作通过将令牌视为不同的角色，令牌级多标签分类框架讨论此问题，同时忽略文档的编写方式。写作风格是一个特殊的内容，用于组织文件，它是相对固定在具有特殊领域的文档中（例如，财务，医疗文件等）。我们认为写作风格包含重要的线索来判断令牌的角色，这种模式的无知可能导致现有工作的性能下降。为此，我们将文档中的写作风格模拟作为参数角色的分布，即角色排名分配，并提出了一种基于角色排名分布的监督机制的事件提取模型，通过监督培训过程来捕获这种模式事件提取任务。我们将模型与在几个真实世界数据集上的最先进的方法进行比较。经验结果表明，我们的方法优于捕获模式的其他替代品。这验证了写入风格包含可以提高事件提取任务性能的有价值的信息。

从隐式反馈建模推荐系统的核心目标是最大化正样品分数$ S_P $，并最大限度地减少负面样本评分$ S_N $，其通常可以汇总为两个范式：一定点和成对的。点接近符合其标签的每个样本，其在级别的加权和采样中是灵活的，但忽略固有的排名属性。通过定性最大限度地减少相对分数$ S_N - S_P $，成对方法自然地捕获样品的排名，而是遭受培训效率。此外，这两种方法都很难明确提供个性化决策边界，以确定用户是否对查看的项目感兴趣。要解决这些问题，我们创新地向每个用户创新介绍了辅助分数$ B_U $代表用户兴趣边界（UIB），并单独惩罚将边界与成对范例交叉的示例，即分数低于$ B_U的正示例$和分数高于$ b_u $的否定样本。通过这种方式，我们的方法成功地实现了一定点的混合损失，并且成对将两者的优点结合在一起。在分析上，我们表明我们的方法可以提供个性化决策边界，并在没有任何特殊的采样策略的情况下显着提高培训效率。广泛的结果表明，我们的方法不仅可以显着改进，不仅是经典的点或成对模型，还可以实现具有复杂损耗功能和复杂特征编码的最先进模型。

Few Shot Instance Segmentation (FSIS) requires models to detect and segment novel classes with limited several support examples. In this work, we explore a simple yet unified solution for FSIS as well as its incremental variants, and introduce a new framework named Reference Twice (RefT) to fully explore the relationship between support/query features based on a Transformer-like framework. Our key insights are two folds: Firstly, with the aid of support masks, we can generate dynamic class centers more appropriately to re-weight query features. Secondly, we find that support object queries have already encoded key factors after base training. In this way, the query features can be enhanced twice from two aspects, i.e., feature-level and instance-level. In particular, we firstly design a mask-based dynamic weighting module to enhance support features and then propose to link object queries for better calibration via cross-attention. After the above steps, the novel classes can be improved significantly over our strong baseline. Additionally, our new framework can be easily extended to incremental FSIS with minor modification. When benchmarking results on the COCO dataset for FSIS, gFSIS, and iFSIS settings, our method achieves a competitive performance compared to existing approaches across different shots, e.g., we boost nAP by noticeable +8.2/+9.4 over the current state-of-the-art FSIS method for 10/30-shot. We further demonstrate the superiority of our approach on Few Shot Object Detection. Code and model will be available.

Benefiting from the intrinsic supervision information exploitation capability, contrastive learning has achieved promising performance in the field of deep graph clustering recently. However, we observe that two drawbacks of the positive and negative sample construction mechanisms limit the performance of existing algorithms from further improvement. 1) The quality of positive samples heavily depends on the carefully designed data augmentations, while inappropriate data augmentations would easily lead to the semantic drift and indiscriminative positive samples. 2) The constructed negative samples are not reliable for ignoring important clustering information. To solve these problems, we propose a Cluster-guided Contrastive deep Graph Clustering network (CCGC) by mining the intrinsic supervision information in the high-confidence clustering results. Specifically, instead of conducting complex node or edge perturbation, we construct two views of the graph by designing special Siamese encoders whose weights are not shared between the sibling sub-networks. Then, guided by the high-confidence clustering information, we carefully select and construct the positive samples from the same high-confidence cluster in two views. Moreover, to construct semantic meaningful negative sample pairs, we regard the centers of different high-confidence clusters as negative samples, thus improving the discriminative capability and reliability of the constructed sample pairs. Lastly, we design an objective function to pull close the samples from the same cluster while pushing away those from other clusters by maximizing and minimizing the cross-view cosine similarity between positive and negative samples. Extensive experimental results on six datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of CCGC compared with the existing state-of-the-art algorithms.

In robust Markov decision processes (MDPs), the uncertainty in the transition kernel is addressed by finding a policy that optimizes the worst-case performance over an uncertainty set of MDPs. While much of the literature has focused on discounted MDPs, robust average-reward MDPs remain largely unexplored. In this paper, we focus on robust average-reward MDPs, where the goal is to find a policy that optimizes the worst-case average reward over an uncertainty set. We first take an approach that approximates average-reward MDPs using discounted MDPs. We prove that the robust discounted value function converges to the robust average-reward as the discount factor $\gamma$ goes to $1$, and moreover, when $\gamma$ is large, any optimal policy of the robust discounted MDP is also an optimal policy of the robust average-reward. We further design a robust dynamic programming approach, and theoretically characterize its convergence to the optimum. Then, we investigate robust average-reward MDPs directly without using discounted MDPs as an intermediate step. We derive the robust Bellman equation for robust average-reward MDPs, prove that the optimal policy can be derived from its solution, and further design a robust relative value iteration algorithm that provably finds its solution, or equivalently, the optimal robust policy.

Differentiable Architecture Search (DARTS) has attracted considerable attention as a gradient-based Neural Architecture Search (NAS) method. Since the introduction of DARTS, there has been little work done on adapting the action space based on state-of-art architecture design principles for CNNs. In this work, we aim to address this gap by incrementally augmenting the DARTS search space with micro-design changes inspired by ConvNeXt and studying the trade-off between accuracy, evaluation layer count, and computational cost. To this end, we introduce the Pseudo-Inverted Bottleneck conv block intending to reduce the computational footprint of the inverted bottleneck block proposed in ConvNeXt. Our proposed architecture is much less sensitive to evaluation layer count and outperforms a DARTS network with similar size significantly, at layer counts as small as 2. Furthermore, with less layers, not only does it achieve higher accuracy with lower GMACs and parameter count, GradCAM comparisons show that our network is able to better detect distinctive features of target objects compared to DARTS.

Automatic font generation without human experts is a practical and significant problem, especially for some languages that consist of a large number of characters. Existing methods for font generation are often in supervised learning. They require a large number of paired data, which are labor-intensive and expensive to collect. In contrast, common unsupervised image-to-image translation methods are not applicable to font generation, as they often define style as the set of textures and colors. In this work, we propose a robust deformable generative network for unsupervised font generation (abbreviated as DGFont++). We introduce a feature deformation skip connection (FDSC) to learn local patterns and geometric transformations between fonts. The FDSC predicts pairs of displacement maps and employs the predicted maps to apply deformable convolution to the low-level content feature maps. The outputs of FDSC are fed into a mixer to generate final results. Moreover, we introduce contrastive self-supervised learning to learn a robust style representation for fonts by understanding the similarity and dissimilarities of fonts. To distinguish different styles, we train our model with a multi-task discriminator, which ensures that each style can be discriminated independently. In addition to adversarial loss, another two reconstruction losses are adopted to constrain the domain-invariant characteristics between generated images and content images. Taking advantage of FDSC and the adopted loss functions, our model is able to maintain spatial information and generates high-quality character images in an unsupervised manner. Experiments demonstrate that our model is able to generate character images of higher quality than state-of-the-art methods.

As an important variant of entity alignment (EA), multi-modal entity alignment (MMEA) aims to discover identical entities across different knowledge graphs (KGs) with multiple modalities like images. However, current MMEA algorithms all adopt KG-level modality fusion strategies but ignore modality differences among individual entities, hurting the robustness to potential noise involved in modalities (e.g., unidentifiable images and relations). In this paper we present MEAformer, a multi-modal entity alignment transformer approach for meta modality hybrid, to dynamically predict the mutual correlation coefficients among modalities for instance-level feature fusion. A modal-aware hard entity replay strategy is also proposed for addressing vague entity details. Extensive experimental results show that our model not only achieves SOTA performance on multiple training scenarios including supervised, unsupervised, iterative, and low resource, but also has limited parameters, optimistic speed, and good interpretability. Our code will be available soon.